Excessive tillage led to bare, uncovered soil which resulted in ideal conditions for soil erosion. In addition to soil loss, massive amounts of water which could have been used in growing a crop were lost as well. This loss of soil and water led to lower crop yields which resulted in unprofitable farms.
There is still a lot of heavy tillage occurring, but as more and more farmers move to a No-till crop production system, soil erosion is going down and production levels are going up.

